In this blog post, the focus is on the foundations of reading—specifically systematic and explicit instruction—and the ongoing debate around queuing systems in literacy education. These topics often produce strong reactions among educators, especially as new research emerges and instructional trends evolve. To support clarity and organization, two subheadings are included below, guiding readers through both the instructional discussion and exam preparation insights.
Systematic Instruction vs. Queuing Systems: Why the Debate Continues
Systematic and explicit reading instruction is emphasized as the backbone of effective literacy teaching. The well-known Fab Five—phonological/phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension—continues to be supported by current research as the most reliable framework for teaching reading skills.
But this doesn’t mean queuing systems have no place in reading instruction.
While some educators argue that picture clues, context, and structural cues should never be used, the reality in most classrooms is far more nuanced. When students encounter unknown words, they naturally pull from multiple sources:
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Graphophonic cues: sounding out letter patterns
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Semantic cues: using meaning or pictures
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Syntactic cues: relying on sentence structure
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Context clues: reading above and below the word
These strategies are not replacements for systematic phonics—they are complements that readers, including adults, use unconsciously. The key is balance: explicit phonics instruction must remain the foundation, but students shouldn’t be discouraged from using cues that support comprehension and fluency during real reading experiences.
What This Means for the Foundations of Reading Exam
The concepts discussed directly tie into what appears on exams like the Foundations of Reading (190/890) and other state reading assessments. These tests emphasize:
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Phonological and phonemic awareness
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Explicit phonics instruction
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Fluency development
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Vocabulary acquisition
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Reading comprehension strategies
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Appropriate instructional methods and scaffolds
Understanding that reading is not a perfectly linear process is also essential. Students frequently move between stages—decoding, fluency, automaticity—as text complexity rises. Test questions often assess your ability to choose the most developmentally appropriate next step, recognizing when students may need recursion back into phonics or phonological work.
While whole-language or cue-only approaches are outdated as primary methods, exams expect you to understand how cues function alongside structured instruction.
If you're preparing for a reading certification exam, our Foundations of Reading resources or Praxis Teaching Reading 5205 resources, which align with these concepts, can be extremely helpful.
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