In this blog post, we’re breaking down one of the most misunderstood punctuation marks—the semicolon. Whether you’re studying for the SAT, ACT, GRE, GKT, or Praxis Core Writing exam, understanding how semicolons work will give you a major advantage on test day.
Many students panic when they see a semicolon question, but the truth is, semicolons follow just a few simple rules. Once you learn them, they become predictable and easy to spot.
Rule #1: A Semicolon Separates Two Independent Clauses
A semicolon can only be used to join two independent clauses—complete sentences that can stand alone.
✅ Correct:
The scientists observed that ancient trees can survive for thousands of years; they store water deep within their trunks.
❌ Incorrect:
The scientists observed that ancient trees can survive for thousands of years; by storing water deep within their trunks.
The second clause above isn’t a full sentence, so the semicolon doesn’t work.
Pro tip: On your exam, look for patterns. If three answer choices use strong punctuation (semicolon, comma + FANBOYS, or period + capital letter), they’re doing the same thing. Eliminate duplicates and focus on the one that’s different.
Remember this golden rule:
Semicolon = Comma + FANBOYS = Period + Capital Letter
Each of these structures separates two independent clauses.
Rule #2: Semicolon + Conjunctive Adverb + Comma
Semicolons also appear before conjunctive adverbs like however, therefore, moreover, consequently, and nevertheless.
✅ Correct:
The expedition team faced harsh winds, freezing temperatures, and dwindling supplies; however, they continued their climb toward the summit.
Here’s the correct structure:
Independent clause ; conjunctive adverb (lowercase) , independent clause
Common mistakes to watch for:
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Using and however together (redundant)
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Forgetting the comma after the conjunctive adverb
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Replacing the semicolon with a comma (comma splice)
Each independent clause must be able to stand alone, and the punctuation sequence must stay consistent.
Grammar is Like Math
Grammar isn’t about guessing—it’s about applying consistent rules. Once you see the logic behind semicolons, they become predictable and easy to identify. And remember, “no change” can be the correct answer, so don’t be afraid to choose it when the sentence is already right.
If you’re preparing for the Praxis Core Writing, SAT, or ACT, there are full grammar and writing courses available at kathleenjasper.com. These lessons dive deeper into grammar mechanics, essay writing, and real test-day strategies to help you pass with confidence.
🎥 See these semicolon strategies come to life in the full video lesson 🎥