In this blog post, we dive into academic standards: what they are, how they differ from objectives, and their role in lesson planning and classroom instruction. Understanding these core elements is essential for teachers to build effective lessons that not only engage students but also meet the overarching goals set by education authorities.
What Are Academic Standards?
Academic standards are expectations set by state education authorities detailing the skills and knowledge students should acquire by the end of the school year. These standards are typically derived from national guidelines, such as the Common Core, but often modified to reflect specific state needs. For example, Florida's standards are based on Common Core but include additional guidelines, like cursive writing, to meet local educational priorities.
These standards guide the curriculum, assessments, and instruction throughout the academic year. For example, fourth-grade students are expected to take standardized assessments aligned with state standards in areas like English Language Arts (ELA), math, and, in some states, science.
Objectives: The Bridge to Daily Instruction
While standards are the big-picture goals, objectives are the specific, measurable steps toward those goals. Think of objectives as the roadmap for daily lessons, each aligned to standards but broken down into achievable tasks. For instance, an ELA standard might require students to "cite textual evidence," while a lesson objective could specify, "Students will identify and cite evidence to answer comprehension questions on a given text."
Curriculum and Instruction: How We Teach Standards
Curriculum encompasses the materials and resources used to meet standards and objectives, including textbooks, workbooks, and supplementary resources. Instruction, on the other hand, is the method of delivery. Teachers decide how to use these materials through different instructional approaches, such as group discussions, cooperative learning, or individual assignments. Effective instruction ties the curriculum to both the standards and objectives, making it meaningful and engaging for students.
An Example: ELA Standards and Objectives
Let’s look at a Common Core ELA standard for grades 6–12, which involves analyzing primary and secondary sources. Here’s how this standard might translate into progressive lesson objectives:
- Basic Comprehension: Students identify and cite textual evidence from primary sources to answer basic comprehension questions.
- Analysis: Students analyze primary and secondary sources to interpret the author's perspective.
- Critical Evaluation: Students evaluate the reliability and relevance of evidence to construct a well-supported argument.
Activities to Support Standards and Objectives
To help students achieve these objectives, teachers can create targeted classroom activities. For example:
- Guided Source Annotation: A whole-group activity where students practice reading and annotating sources with teacher guidance.
- Cooperative Learning: Small groups discuss and analyze a text, building on one another’s ideas to deepen understanding.
- Debate or Persuasive Writing: Students use textual evidence to support a position, enhancing critical thinking and persuasive skills.
Mastering the interplay between standards, objectives, curriculum, and instruction is fundamental for effective teaching. By understanding these components and how they work together, educators can design lessons that are both purposeful and aligned with educational goals, setting students up for success on assessments and in their academic journeys.
